Impilo yomlimi ibilokhu iwumsebenzi onzima nezinselelo eziningi.Akuvezwa ukuthi ngo-2020 kunezinselelo eziningi kunangaphambili kubalimi nasembonini yonkana.Izimbangela zabo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zihlukahlukene, futhi amaqiniso entuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuvame ukunezela izivivinyo ezengeziwe ebukhoneni bazo.
Kodwa ngeke kushaywe indiva izehlakalo ezinjalo futhi zilethe izinzuzo eziningi ekulimeni.Ngakho-ke noma imboni ibheka ishumi leminyaka elisha elinezithiyo ezinkulu zokusinda kwayo kunangaphambili, kukhona nesithembiso sobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obuzosetshenziswa ngobuningi.Ubuchwepheshe obungasiza abalimi ukuthi bangagcini ngokusimamisa, kodwa baphumelele.Ilanga liyingxenye ebalulekile yalokhu kuguquguquka okusha.
Kusukela ngo-1800 kuya ku-2020
INguquko Yezimboni yenza ukulima kwaphumelela.Kodwa futhi kwaletha ukuwohloka okubuhlungu kwemodeli yezomnotho yangaphambili.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka buvumele ukuvuna ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha kodwa ngezindleko zedamu labasebenzi.Ukulahleka kwemisebenzi ngenxa yokuqanjwa kabusha kwezolimo sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.Ukuvela okusha okunjalo kanye nezinguquko kumamodeli akhona abalimi kaningi sekwamukele futhi kwenyanya ngokulinganayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela isidingo sokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe esisebenza ngayo sishintshile.Emashumini eminyaka adlule amandla okuba amazwe akude ahwebe ngezokulima ayeyithemba elinzima kakhulu—nakuba kwakungenakwenzeka kuzo zonke izimo.Namuhla (okuvumela umthelela ubhadane lwe-coronavirus olubeke khona okwesikhashana kule nqubo) ukushintshaniswa kwempahla yezolimo emhlabeni wonke kwenziwa kalula nangesivinini obekungacatshangwa ukuthi sasingenakucatshangwa ezikhathini ezidlule.Kodwa nalokhu kuvame ukufaka ingcindezi entsha kubalimi.
Yebo, ngokungangabazeki abanye baye bazuza—futhi bazuza kakhulu oshintshweni olunjalo—njengoba amapulazi akhiqiza izimpahla “ezihlanzekile neziluhlaza” ezisezingeni lomhlaba manje esenemakethe yomhlaba wonke ngempela angathumela kuyo.Kodwa kulabo abathengisa izinto ezivamile, noma abathola ukuthi imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe isigcwalise izethameli zabo zasekhaya ngemikhiqizo efanayo abayithengisayo, indlela yokugcina inzuzo eqhubekayo unyaka nonyaka isinzima kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, izitayela ezinjalo azizona nje izinkinga zabalimi, kodwa zabo bonke abanye.Ikakhulukazi labo abaphakathi kwezizwe zakubo.Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo izobona umhlaba untengantenga ngenxa yezici eziningi, okungabalwa kuzo usongo olukhulayo lokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.Mayelana nalokhu, empeleni zonke izizwe zizobhekana nezingcindezi ezintsha ekufuneni kwaso ukulondeka kokudla.Kulindeleke ukuthi ukusinda kokulima njengomsebenzi osebenzayo kanye nemodeli yezomnotho kuzoba nokuphuthuma okukhulayo, kuleli nasemhlabeni jikelele.Kulapha lapho ilanga lingaba yinto ebaluleke kangaka ukuya phambili.
Solar njengomsindisi?
Ukulima ngelanga (AKA “agrophotovoltaics” kanye “nokulima okubili”) kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bafakeamaphaneli elangaenikeza indlela yokwenza amandla abo asebenzise kahle, futhi athuthukise ngokuqondile amakhono abo okulima.Kubalimi abaneziqephu ezincane zomhlaba ikakhulukazi-njengokuvame ukubonakala eFrance-ezolimo zelanga zinikeza indlela yokunciphisa izikweletu zamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, nokuphefumula impilo entsha emisebenzini ekhona.
Eqinisweni, ngokokutholwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, eJalimaneI-Fraunhofer Instituteekuqapheni imisebenzi yokuhlola endaweni yeLake Constance yesizwe, i-agrophotovoltaics inyuse ukukhiqizwa kwepulazi ngo-160% uma kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi owawungasetshenziswa kabili phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo.
Njengemboni yelanga iyonke, i-agrophotovoltaics ihlala isencane.Nokho, eceleni kokufaka osekuvele kusebenza ngokugcwele emhlabeni wonke, kube namaphrojekthi amaningi okulinga e-France, e-Italy, e-Croatia, e-USA, nangale kwayo.Izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezingakhula ngaphansi kwama-canopies elanga (ukuvumela ukuhlukahluka kwendawo, isimo sezulu, nezimo) kumangalisa kakhulu.Ukolweni, amazambane, ubhontshisi, i-kale, utamatisi, i-swiss chard, nokunye konke kukhule ngempumelelo ngaphansi kokufakwa kwelanga.
Izitshalo azikhuli ngempumelelo ngaphansi kokusetha okunjalo kuphela kodwa ziyakwazi ukubona inkathi yazo yokukhula inwetshiwe ngenxa yezimo ezinhle zokunikezwa kokusetshenziswa okubili, okuhlinzeka ngokufudumala okwengeziwe ebusika nezimo zezulu ezipholile ehlobo.Ucwaningo esifundeni sase-India eMaharashtra lutholeisivuno sezitshalo esingafika ku-40% ngaphezulusibonga ukuhwamuka okuncishisiwe kanye ne-shading eyengeziwe ukufakwa kwe-agrophotovoltaics enikeziwe.
Indawo yangempela yomhlaba
Nakuba kunokuningi okuhle okungahle kube khona lapho kuhlanganisa izimboni zesola nezolimo ndawonye, kunezinselelo emgwaqeni osazobhekana nakho.NjengoGerald Leach
, Usihlalo weI-Victorian Farmers FederationIKomidi Lokuphathwa Komhlaba, iqembu labavakashi elimelela izithakazelo zabalimi e-Australia litshela iSolar Magazine,“Ngokujwayelekile, i-VFF iyakweseka ukuthuthukiswa kwe-solar, inqobo nje uma ingangeni endaweni yokulima enenani eliphezulu, njengasezifundeni zokuchelela.”
Lokho-ke, “i-VFF ikholelwa ukuthi ukuze kube lula inqubo ehlelekile yokuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kwelanga emapulazini, amaphrojekthi amakhulu ahlinzeka ngogesi kugridi kufanele adinge inqubo yokuhlela nokugunyazwa ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela ebingahlosiwe.Siyabaseka abalimi ukuthi bakwazi ukuzifakela izinsiza zelanga ukuze bazisebenzise bona bakwazi ukwenza lokho ngaphandle kokudinga imvume.”
KuMnu. Leach, amandla okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwe-solar nezolimo ezikhona kanye nezilwane nawo ayathandeka.
Sibheke phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo ngelanga elivumela ukuthi i-solar array kanye nezolimo kusebenze ndawonye, kube nezinzuzo ezifanayo ezimbonini zezolimo nezamandla.
“Ziningi izinhlelo zelanga, ikakhulukazi ezizimele, lapho izimvu zizulazula phakathi kwama-solar panel.Izinkomo zinkulu kakhulu futhi zisengozini yokulimaza amaphaneli elanga, kodwa izimvu, inqobo nje uma ufihla zonke izintambo lapho ungafinyeleli khona, zilungele ukugcina utshani buphansi phakathi kwamaphaneli.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uDavid Huang, umphathi wephrojekthi kanjiniyela wamandla avuselelekayoAmandla aseNingizimuutshele iSolar Magazine, “Ukuhlala ipulazi lelanga kungaba inselele njengoba ingqalasizinda kagesi ezindaweni zezifunda ivame ukudinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kusekelwe ushintsho oluvuselelekayo.Ukufaka imisebenzi yezolimo ekulimeni ngelanga nakho kuletha inkimbinkimbi ekwakhiweni, nasekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kwephrojekthi”, futhi ngalokho:
Ukuqonda kangcono imiphumela yezindleko kanye nokwesekwa kukahulumeni kocwaningo oluhlukahlukene kuthathwa njengesidingo.
Nakuba izindleko ze-solar zizonke ziyancipha ngokuqinisekile, iqiniso liwukuthi ukufakwa kwe-solar ezolimo kungahlala kubiza-ikakhulukazi uma zonakalisiwe.Nakuba kubekwa ukuqinisa nokuvikela ukuze kuvinjwe amathuba anjalo, umonakalo esigxotsheni esisodwa nje kungaba inkinga enkulu.Inkinga okungase kube nzima kakhulu ukuyigwema isizini nesizini uma umlimi esadinga ukusebenzisa izinto ezisindayo lapho kufakwa khona, okusho ukuthi ukujika okukodwa okungalungile kwesiteringi kungase kubeke engozini yonke isethingi.
Kubalimi abaningi, ikhambi lale nkinga kube elokubeka.Ukuhlukanisa ukufakwa kwe-solar kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi wokulima kungabona ezinye zezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zezolimo zelanga eziphuthelwe, kodwa kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe okuzungeze isakhiwo.Lolu hlobo lokusetha lubona umhlaba oyinhloko ubekelwe ukulima kuphela, nomhlaba osizayo (wezinga lesibili noma lesithathu lapho umhlabathi ungacebile kakhulu ngezakhi) osetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwelanga.Ilungiselelo elinjalo lingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwanoma yimiphi imisebenzi ekhona yokulima kuyancishiswa.
Ukuzivumelanisa nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa
Ngokubona kahle isithembiso se-solar esinaso sokulima esikhathini esizayo, ngeke kushaywe indiva ukuthi obunye ubuchwepheshe obufika endaweni yesigameko buyoba umlando oziphindayo.Ukukhula okulindelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ngaphakathi komkhakha kuyisibonelo esibalulekile salokhu.Nakuba umkhakha wamarobhothi ungakathuthuki ngokwanele ngokwezinga esibona ngalo amarobhothi athuthuke kakhulu ezulazula mayelana nezakhiwo zethu enakekela imisebenzi yezandla, ngokuqinisekile sishintshela kuleyo ndlela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimoto Zasemoyeni Ezingenamuntu (ama-Drones e-AKA) sezivele zisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amapulazi amaningi, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi amandla azo okwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngokuzayo azokwanda.Kulokho okuyindikimba eyinhloko ekuhloleni ikusasa lemboni yokulima, abalimi kufanele bafune ukwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo ukuze benze inzuzo—noma babeke engozini yokuthola inzuzo yabo ilawulwa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Isibikezelo esizayo
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ikusasa lokulima lizobona kuphakama izinsongo ezintsha ezisongela ukuphila kwayo.Lokhu akubangelwa nje kuphela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka nakuba kunjalo, ukulima esikhathini esizayo kusazodinga—okungenani iminyaka eminingi ezayo uma kungenjalo phakade—isidingo sobuchwepheshe bomuntu.
I-SolarMagazine.com -Izindaba zamandla elanga, intuthuko kanye nemininingwane.
Ukuphatha ipulazi, ukwenza izinqumo zokuphatha, futhi ngempela nokubeka iso lomuntu phezu kwethuba noma inkinga endaweni i-AI engakakwazi ukuyenza ngendlela efanayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinselelo emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe zikhula eminyakeni ezayo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezinye izici, ukuqashelwa kohulumeni ukuthi ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kunikezwe emikhakheni yabo yezolimo kuzokhula nakho.
Yiqiniso, uma okwedlule kukhona okwenzekayo lokhu ngeke kuxazulule zonke izinkinga noma kususe zonke izinkinga, kodwa kusho ukuthi kuzoba nokuguquguquka okusha enkathini elandelayo yokulima.Enye lapho i-solar inikeza amandla amakhulu njengobuchwepheshe obuzuzisayo kanye nesidingo sokuvikeleka okwengeziwe kokudla kubalulekile.I-Solar iyodwa ayikwazi ukusindisa imboni yesimanje yokulima-kodwa ingaba ithuluzi elinamandla ekusizeni ukwakha isahluko esisha esiqinile sayo esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2021