Ukugcinwa kwamandla okuhlala sekuyinto ethandwa kakhulu yelanga lasekhaya. Ainhlolovo yakamuva ye-SunPoweremakhaya angaphezu kuka-1,500 athola ukuthi cishe ama-40% abantu baseMelika bakhathazeka ngokunqamuka kukagesi njalo. Kwabaphenduli benhlolovo becabangela ngenkuthalo i-solar emakhaya abo, i-70% ithe bahlele ukufaka uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri.
Ngaphandle kokunikeza amandla ayisipele ngesikhathi sokucisha, amabhethri amaningi ahlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile kokungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwamandla. Umgomo uwukukhulisa inani lesistimu sonozungezilanga yekhaya. Futhi, amanye amabhethri athuthukiswa ukuze ahlanganise ishaja yemoto kagesi.
Umbiko uphawule ukukhuphuka okuphakeme kubathengi abakhombisa intshisekelo yokugcina ukuze bakwazi ukuzitholela i-solar, okuphakamisa ukuthiehlisiwe izilinganiso ze-net meteringazikukhuthazi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ugesi wakuleli, ohlanzekile. Cishe u-40% wabathengi babike ukuthi bazithengisele ngokwabo njengesizathu sokuthola isaphulelo sesitoreji, sikhuphuke sisuka ngaphansi kuka-20% ngo-2022. Amandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni yokucisha nokulondoloza amanani ezinsiza nawo afakwe ohlwini njengezizathu eziphezulu zokufaka isitoreji samandla esicaphuni.
Amanani okunamathiselwe amabhethri kumaphrojekthi welanga okuhlala kuwo akhuphuke kancane ngo-2020 ngo-8.1% wamabhethri anamathiselwe elanga, ngokusho kukaLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, kwathi ngo-2022 lelo zinga lenyuka ngaphezu kwe-17%.
Impilo yebhethri
Izikhathi zewaranti zinganikeza ukubukeka kwesifaki kanye nokulindelwe komkhiqizi wempilo yebhethri. Izikhathi zewaranti ezivamile ngokuvamile cishe iminyaka eyi-10. Iiwarantikubhethri le-Enphase IQ, ngokwesibonelo, ligcina ngeminyaka eyi-10 noma imijikelezo engu-7,300, noma yini eyenzekayo kuqala.
Isifaki solar i-Sunrunkushoamabhethri angahlala noma yikuphi phakathi kweminyaka engu-5-15. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukushintshwa okungenzeka kuzodingeka phakathi neminyaka engama-20-30 yokuphila kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Ubude bempilo yebhethri ngokuvamile buqhutshwa imijikelezo yokusetshenziswa. Njengoba kuboniswa iwaranti yomkhiqizo we-LG neTesla, amathreshold angama-60% noma 70% umthamo aqinisekiswa ngenani elithile lemijikelezo yokushaja.
Izimo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa ziqhuba lokhu kwehla: ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile kanye nokushaja okukhohlisayo,kusho iFaraday Institute. Ukushajwa okweqile kuyisenzo sokuphusha amandla ebhethri eshajwe ngokugcwele. Ukwenza lokhu kungayibangela ishise kakhulu, noma ibambe nomlilo.
Ukushajwa kwe-Trickle kubandakanya inqubo lapho ibhethri ishajwa njalo kufika ku-100%, futhi nakanjani ukulahlekelwa kwenzeka. Ukugxuma okuphakathi kuka-100% nangaphansi kuka-100% kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi, ukuncipha kwamandla nempilo yonke.
Enye imbangela yokonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukulahleka kwe-lithium-ion ephathwayo ebhethrini, kusho uFaraday. Ukusabela okuseceleni kwebhethri kungabamba i-lithium esebenzisekayo mahhala, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise umthamo kancane kancane.
Nakuba amazinga okushisa abandayo angamisa ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ekusebenzeni, awehlisi isithunzi ibhethri noma afinyeze ukuphila kwayo okusebenzayo. Sisonke isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri, nokho, siyehla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kusho uFaraday. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-electrolyte ehlezi phakathi kwama-electrode iphuka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, okubangela ukuba ibhethri ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuvalwa kwe-Li-ion. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lama-Li-ion i-electrode engamukela esakhiweni sayo, iqede amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion.
Isondlo
Kutuswa iNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ukuthi ifake ibhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile, okungcono kakhulu egalaji, lapho kuqubuka khona umlilo (usongo oluncane, kodwa olungeyona iqanda) ingase incishiswe. Amabhethri nezingxenye eziwazungezile kufanele kube nesikhala esifanele ukuvumela ukupholisa, futhi ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokunakekelwa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle.
I-NREL ithe noma nini lapho kungenzeka, gwema ukuchithwa okujulile okuphindaphindiwe kwamabhethri, njengoba lapho ekhishwa kakhulu, kuba mfushane isikhathi sokuphila. Uma ibhethri lasekhaya lishajwa ngokujulile nsuku zonke, kungase kube isikhathi sokwandisa usayizi webhange lebhethri.
Amabhethri ochungechungeni kufanele agcinwe ngokushajwa okufanayo, kusho i-NREL. Yize lonke ibhange lebhethri lingase libonise ukushajwa sekukonke kwama-volts angu-24, kungaba khona amandla kagesi ahlukahlukene phakathi kwamabhethri, okungazuzisi kangako ukuvikela yonke isistimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, i-NREL income ukuthi amaphuzu alungile asethelwe amashaja nezilawuli zokushaja, njengoba kunqunywa umenzi.
Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenzeke kaningi, futhi, kusho i-NREL. Ezinye izinto okufanele uzibheke zihlanganisa ukuvuza (ukwakheka ngaphandle kwebhethri), amazinga oketshezi afanelekile, kanye ne-voltage elinganayo. I-NREL ithe umkhiqizi ngamunye webhethri angase abe nezincomo ezengeziwe, ngakho-ke ukuhlola ukugcinwa kanye namashidi wedatha ebhethri kuwumkhuba ongcono kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-21-2024