Ucwaningo olusha oluvela ku-Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (i-Fraunhofer ISE) yaseJalimane lubonise ukuthi ukuhlanganisa amasistimu e-PV ophahleni nokugcinwa kwebhethri namaphampu okushisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuthembela kugesi wegridi.
Abacwaningi be-Fraunhofer ISE bafunde ukuthi izinhlelo ze-PV ezisophahleni lwezindlu zingahlanganiswa kanjani namaphampu okushisa nokugcinwa kwebhethri.
Bahlole ukusebenza kwesistimu yebhethri ye-PV-heat futha ngokusekelwe kulawulo olulungile lwegridi (SG) endlini yomndeni owodwa eyakhiwa ngo-1960 eFreiburg, eJalimane.
"Kwatholakala ukuthi ukulawula okuhlakaniphile kwandisa ukusebenza kwepompo yokushisa ngokukhuphula izinga lokushisa elibekiwe," umcwaningi uShubham Baraskar etshela umagazini we-pv. "Ukulawulwa kwe-SG-Ready kwenyuse izinga lokushisa ngo-4.1 Kelvin ukulungiselela amanzi ashisayo, okwabe sekwehlisa i-seasonal performance factor (SPF) ngo-5.7% kusukela ku-3.5 kuya ku-3.3.
I-SPF iyinani elifana ne-coefficient of performance (COP), ngomehluko obalwa phakathi nesikhathi eside ngezimo zomngcele ezihlukahlukayo.
U-Baraskar nozakwabo bachaza abakutholile ku- “Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza nokusebenza kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa yebhethri ye-photovoltaic esekelwe kudatha yokulinganisa insimu,” esanda kushicilelwa kuI-Solar Energy Advans.Bathe inzuzo enkulu yezinhlelo zephampu ye-PV-heat ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuncishisiwe kwegridi kanye nezindleko eziphansi zikagesi.
Isistimu yephampu yokushisa iyiphampu yokushisa engu-13.9 kW yomthombo ophansi eklanywe ngebhafa yokugcina indawo yokushisisa. Iphinde ithembele ethangini lokugcina kanye nesiteshi samanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi ashisayo asekhaya (DHW). Womabili amayunithi okugcina afakelwe ama-heater kagesi.
Isistimu ye-PV ibheke eningizimu futhi ine-engeli yokutsheka engu-30 degrees. Inamandla aphumayo angu-12.3 kW nendawo yemojuli engu-60 square metres. Ibhethri ihlanganiswe ne-DC futhi inamandla angu-11.7 kWh. Indlu ekhethiwe inendawo yokuhlala eshisayo engu-256 m2 kanye nesidingo sokushisisa sonyaka esingu-84.3 kWh/m²a.
"Amandla e-DC asuka ku-PV namayunithi ebhethri aguqulelwa ku-AC nge-inverter enamandla amakhulu e-AC angu-12 kW kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-European 95 %," abacwaningi bachaza, bephawula ukuthi ukulawula okulungele i-SG kuyakwazi ukusebenzisana negridi kagesi futhi kulungise ukusebenza kwesistimu ngendlela efanayo. "Ngesikhathi sokulayishwa kwegridi ephezulu, opharetha wegridi angavala ukusebenza kwepompo yokushisa ukuze anciphise ubunzima begridi noma avuleke ngempoqo kwelinye icala."
Ngaphansi kokucushwa kwesistimu okuhlongozwayo, amandla e-PV kufanele aqale asetshenziselwe ukulayishwa kwendlu, okungeziwe kunikezwa ebhethrini. Amandla engeziwe angathunyelwa kugridi kuphela, uma ungekho ugesi odingwa indlu futhi nebhethri selishajwe ngokuphelele. Uma kokubili isistimu ye-PV nebhethri zingakwazi ukumboza isidingo samandla sendlu, igridi kagesi ingasetshenziswa.
"Imodi ye-SG-Ready iyasebenza uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele noma lishajwa ngamandla alo aphezulu futhi kusekhona i-PV surplus etholakalayo," kusho izifundiswa. "Ngokuphambene nalokho, isimo sokuqalisa siyahlangatshezwa lapho amandla e-PV asheshayo ehlala ephansi kunengqikithi yesidingo sesakhiwo okungenani imizuzu eyi-10."
Ukuhlaziya kwabo kucabangele amazinga okuzithengela wena, ingxenyena yelanga, ukusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa, kanye nomthelela wesistimu ye-PV nebhethri ekusebenzeni kahle kwepompo yokushisa. Basebenzise idatha yomzuzu ongu-1 enokulungiswa okuphezulu kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2022 futhi bathola ukuthi isilawuli se-SG-Ready sinyuse amazinga okushisa okunikezwa kwephampu yokushisa ngo-4.1 K ku-DHW. Baphinde bathola ukuthi uhlelo luzuze ukuzisebenzisela konke okungama-42.9% phakathi nonyaka, okusho ukuthi kube izinzuzo zezezimali kubanikazi bezindlu.
"Isidingo sikagesi [sepompo lokushisa] sasimbozwe ngu-36% ngesistimu ye-PV/yebhethri, ngokusebenzisa i-51% kumodi yamanzi ashisayo asekhaya kanye no-28% kumodi yokushisa isikhala," ithimba locwaningo lachaza, lenezela ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu e-sink anciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa ngo-5.7% kumodi ye-DHW futhi ngo-4.0% kumodi yokushisa isikhala.
"Ngokushisisa isikhala, kuphinde kwatholakala umphumela omubi wokulawula okuhlakaniphile," kusho uBaraskar. "Ngenxa yokulawula kwe-SG-Ready iphampu yokushisa esebenza ekushisiseni kwendawo ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa ephoyinti lokufudumeza. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi isilawuli mhlawumbe senyuse izinga lokushisa lesethi yesitoreji futhi sasebenzisa iphampu yokushisa nakuba ukushisa kwakungadingeki ekushisiseni kwendawo. Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwedlulele lesitoreji lingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokushisa kwesitoreji."
Ososayensi bathi bazophenya inhlanganisela eyengeziwe ye-PV/heat pump ngesistimu ehlukene nemiqondo yokulawula esikhathini esizayo.
"Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuqondene ngqo nezinhlelo ezihlolwayo zomuntu ngamunye futhi kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokucaciswa kwesakhiwo nesistimu yamandla," baphetha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-13-2023